Business Franchise

While searching the Internet for interesting information about franchising to share with the readers of my blog I found an outstanding idea that had been realized by the company called Entrepreneur’s Source. They managed to create their franchise business helping others to start-up and operate franchise businesses. I understood that I had to write about it.

The business system created by Entrepreneur’s Source can be divided into 2 parts (as I understood from the information in their web site). On the one hand they work with the companies that already have their business systems. The company offers its clients to expand their operations through creating a franchise system for their business. I really liked the way they present the idea. They explain that they are not consultants but coachers for their clients. They say that every person tries to decrease or avoid risk. It’s natural. And they promise their clients to help to decrease a business risk. Based on their experience the Entrepreneur’s Source is going to train their customers how to swim in a seethed and sudden water of business-sea. They use the idea of coaching comparing their service with the process of teaching to read. On their web site they ask a question: Did You Teach Yourself to Read?
As a sports coach develops an individual training program for each sportsman, Entrepreneur’s Source develop a franchise program for the clients taking into consideration all individual peculiarities. Their package of services includes:
1. Feasibility assessment. Analytics of Entrepreneur’s Source determine if business is franchisable in general.
2. Business plan. They create a document answering marketing, production, and organizational and financial questions concerning prospective franchise business.
3. Raising capital. They help in creation documents and calculations necessary to obtain an external financing.
4. Regulatory compliance. They check if the franchise system and all documents (including disclosure and agreements) meet all the legislative requirements.
5. Marketing & advertising. Well-developed promotion program is a key feature of any franchise system.
6. Lead generation and candidate qualification.
7. Expansion plans
8. And much more …

On the other hand Entrepreneur’s Source deals with those thinking to start-up their business. And they attract prospective franchisees not only for the franchisors mentioned above but also for themselves. Yes, before they decided to earn money while helping others to start-up franchise business (as franchisor or franchisee) they created such system for their own company. And it gave them the experience on how to qualify candidates in order to choose appropriate ones. Now they use the following scheme: they don’t use contract employees to run their satellite offices, but open each new office as a franchised business. The royalty payment is 25%, and Entrepreneur’s Source franchisees pay it from every placement fee – the money received from franchisor when the company places a candidate.

As for me I really liked this idea. The only negative thing in this business is concerned the money that prospective or existing franchisor has to pay to this consulting company. I haven’t found the exact information on the company’s web site, but the other sources say that your franchisor pays them a commission, typically 30% to 75% of the franchise fee. Certainly it is a trade-off. You can set-up your business system yourself or turn to professionals. In the latter case it will cost you and your potential franchisees, as you’ll have to increase the initial fee to cover the consulting costs.

Starting your business while singing a franchise agreement has many advantages over starting a company yourself. It is easier, it takes less time and you can get help and support from more experienced partner (the main company). But not so many people decide to buy a franchise license. I think that one of the main reasons for this is initial fee that a potential franchisee needs to pay to franchisor.
Today I want to say a few words expressing my opinion regarding why the franchise fee is so high. My observations are based on the following statistics given by the leaders of some franchises:
“Ron Eriksen, the vice president of market development for the Baby’s Room USA Inc., Elmhurst, Ill., provides the following facts: last year the company sends out 775 four-color brochures by Priority Mail costs $14. Only 6 percent of those recipients sent back a preliminary application form; 1.8 percent of the 775 became new Baby’s Room franchisees”.
My calculations and comments:
It means that the company spent $10,850 only for colorful brochures and received only 14 new franchisees (775 requests multiplied by 1.8 percent). So only to get the money back the Baby’s Room USA Inc. has to increase the franchise fee by $775. Is it fair? Maybe franchisee will say no because nobody wants to pay for the others who decided not to become franchisees of that company. But it’s absolutely fair from franchisors point of view.

“Steven Romaniello, president and chief operating officer of US Franchise Systems Inc., in Atlanta, says that his hotel company spends $50,000 on promotion and recruitment efforts for each franchisee who eventually buys a Days Inn, Microtel or Hawthorn Suites franchise”.
No comments needed. Even if franchisor decides to cover a part of this sum himself (let’s say 50 percent) the other part has to be included into the initial fee. The other part will be received by franchisor later in the form of royalty payments. By the way this can explain why sometimes royalty is greater than the cost of current support provided to franchisee: franchisor tries to cover some earlier expenditures.
Greg Longe, president of the Molly Maid and Mr. Handyman franchise systems in Ann Arbor, Mich., says, “Our Internet leads are way up this year, but all that means is that we have to do a lot more work to generate a solid candidate. Most of the people we’re hearing from aren’t qualified to run our concept.”
My comments:
When he says “a lot more work to generate a solid candidate” he speaks about people who will do this work. Company needs to hire qualified manager (or even managers) to deal to convert at least some of the leads to new franchisees. Company bears the costs of salary, Internet and phone communications, and many others dedicated to manager’s work. And as every cost it will increase the final price. In our case it will increase the initial fee in the start-up period or royalty during the operational period.

And initial fee includes not only advertising and recruitment costs. In most cases the main company provides training for the chief manager or key personnel of new franchisee. To do this they need to pay to trainers, to buy some stuff (like materials, paper and so on)…
Thinking about all that things I came to the conclusion that low initial franchise fee can be a bad sign (not “is” but “can be”). Certainly it depends on business sphere and region or country. But at least it’s a point to think over one more time whether to sing a franchise agreement with a company that sells its idea for the price that doesn’t cover the costs. It may seem strange…

Usually a prospective businessman thinking about buying a franchise knows the business sphere to work in. In this case to choose the exact franchisor to sign the agreement he needs to check as many as possible different franchise listings. It can be very useful because new franchise opportunities appear almost every week. Every franchisor tries to offer something different, some advantages. Some provide everything for lower initial fee; the others agree to train not only you but your key stuff. The royalty payments also differ as well as franchisees’ compulsory contribution to an advertising fund.

So if you decide to save your time and to choose the first franchisor you came across in the business sphere you wanted to work in, you may miss the better opportunity. Time is money. Here it’s exactly so.

Where to find such listings? There are a lot of them in the Internet and you can also get an access to printed directories. They provide a good list of franchise business opportunities for different spheres: food franchise and retail business, business in Internet and different types of services from consulting to tourism and hotel business.

Rob Bond, publisher of Source Books, asserts that there are currently about 2,300 open franchise business opportunities in North America operating in more than 50 industries, from automotive products and services to travel. More than 25 different Internet sites provide directories of franchise companies. At least six publishers sell print directories. “Bond’s Franchise Guide 2001″ (Source Book Publications, 2001) provides in-depth profiles of the 1,200 or so companies that returned his questionnaire; and “Franchise Opportunities Guide” (International Franchise Association, 2000) cites the 800 franchisers that are members of the trade group International Franchise Association.

It’s necessary to remember that no single directory covers everything. It’s a good idea to read at least one on-line and one off-line listing.

Today I’ve talked to my former classmate who was the franchise owner for at least the last five years or maybe even more (as I don’t know if the franchise we were speaking about was his only one). When he learned that I was editing my personal franchise blog he told me an interesting fact from his business experience. It can be useful while studying a prospective franchise agreement.

So my friend is the owner of a small franchise business related to food industry. When he was choosing the franchisor company to work with he spent a lot of time comparing different franchise agreements. At least he opened a small restaurant and was enough happy as the main company provided everything that had been promised for the initial fee. By the way the fee also was not too high, and as a result my friend had almost no problems with finances for his new business. I need to say that he was an enterprising person with good knowledge of business and marketing. And not only this! He was enough lucky on the one hand, and far-seeing on the other hand to surround himself with good specialists. So the result was even better that promised by the official statistics for that kind of franchise business in that region. He was happy. He managed not only to earn money operating his personal company but also he was doing something for people, he impacted their lives by selling good products they really needed. In a short time he had a lot of clients, and many of them recommended his company to their friends and relatives. It was like a business paradise…

As usual in true life stories then comes a huge BUT.
But as some time have passed he found his business going to shutdown. He really could continue it but the overall situation in that area moved him to make the decision of closing. What has happened with that prospering business?

Unfortunately the business of my friend was destroyed by his franchisor. How could this happen you may ask. Is there any franchisor that is willing to annihilate its milch cow? No, for sure. But the situation could become reality for most franchisees.

One day my friend has found another restaurant of the same franchisor opened not far from his place. The franchisor company has conducted a kind of analysis and found high profitability of business in that region (it was for sure… My friend has slaved away in order to make it so profitable).  And as a result they gave an advice for their next franchisee that he could start his business in a very profitable environment.
As a result my friend has lost a considerable part of his clients who were not devoted to his place so much. He had even lost some of his regular customers. They decided that another restaurant is a product of my friend’s business development. So they have thought that there’s no difference between that two places.

My comment to this story is the following:
Read your franchise contract very carefully. You should examine it on the topic of yours and your franchisor’s business rights. And there should be a statement on the area you are working solely at. You shouldn’t agree to start a business in the area inner competition could destroy your business.

Some economists have noticed the following trend: there is a negative relation between development of the economy of the country in general and development of franchising (as a system) in the same country. They even paid attention that it is a worldwide tendency. When economy faces its peak and there is almost full employment, salary and wages are enough high and interest rates also. Most of people are satisfied with their jobs and are not thinking about business in general and franchise business particularly. But when economy slows down, stock-market return ratios are low, franchising increases its popularity.
 

You may say that this theoretical information is not useful for ordinary franchisors and franchisees. Maybe it’s so but it can be very useful for those just thinking about starting their franchise business.
 

While buying your franchise business you may get additional information from general economic overview. I suggest taking into consideration the following:
1. When economy grows or reaches its peak the situation is close to full employment. It means for you that you can face difficulties trying to hire good specialists for not very high salary. To get the people you want you need to offer them big money (to make them to throw over their current jobs). Are you ready for such an increase of your costs? Or are you ready to give up the qualified employees and substitute them with less qualified stuff? In this situation I can offer to think about the franchise business that requires less personnel in general and less high-qualified personnel particularly.
2. When economy grows interest rates are high. Can you afford an expensive credit? Maybe it is better to think over other sources of financing.
3. When economy grows people buy more, the total demand in the economy is rather high. It means that if you start quickly (before this growth ends) you can get the benefit from this. And franchise business in this case is better than standard one (as I think). When you sign a franchise agreement you get almost a complete set of answers to possible questions in all spheres of your prospective business. You can start almost immediately. But when you start yourself you will need some time to find those answers.
 

When economy faces a recession the things go just the opposite. I hope my thoughts will help you in decision-making.

Every loan is not more than a transaction between two parties. The first party is the lender (bank, financial institution, government authority and so on) another is the borrower (person, company, organization or institution). When people speak about obtaining a loan to start or expand a franchise business in most cases they consider the eligibility of their idea or business sphere to get a credit. But this is a two-way road. The franchisee needs to check the eligibility of the loan conditions to finance his/her idea. Today I’m going to write about the conditions of the Small Business Administration loans programs. I’ll tell you what they can provide you (what you have to provide them I described in my previous messages).

While thinking if the SBA programs are suitable for you the first thing to take into consideration is the maximum money you can obtain. The SBA’s 7(a) Loan Program limits the loan amount to a maximum of $2,000,000 dollars. But is doesn’t mean that you will get the Small Business Administration guaranty for the whole sum of loan. SBA’s maximum guaranty is $1,500,000. Thus, if a business managed to get the SBA guaranteed loan for $2,000,000 dollars, the maximum guaranty to the lender will be $1,500,000 or 75 percent.

The next thing is interest rate. It’s necessary to take it into consideration and to compare with other possible loans because interests will increase your company’s fixed costs.
As you can learn from my other articles dedicated to the SBA, this government institution doesn’t provide money itself but provides guaranties. It means that the interest rates are a subject to negotiations as regarding any other loan from commercial institution. But at the same time the Small Business Administration establishes maximums, which are pegged to the Prime Rate. This is one of their instruments of small business support.
In most case the interest rate is fixed (it’s easier to calculate I think) and it depends on the amount of loan and its maturity. Below you can see the table of possible fixed rates.

Loan amount Maturity Interest rate
$50,000 or more less than 7 years Prime Plus 2.25
$50,000 or more more than 7 years Prime Plus 2.75
$25,000 - $50.000 less than 7 years Prime Plus 3.25
$25,000 - $50.000 more than 7 years Prime Plus 3.75
$25,000 or less less than 7 years Prime Plus 4.25
$25,000 or less more than 7 years Prime Plus 4.75

Sometimes financial institutions use variable rate loans. The formula to calculate the interest rate is rather complicated. It uses the fixed rates presented above and rates the federal government pays for loans. It means that this rate is more adjusted to the economic changes like inflation, recourses’ prices, stock market situation and government monetary and fiscal policy. The rate can change not often than monthly and must be consistent (calculated on either monthly, quarterly, semiannually, annually or any other defined, consistent basis). So in the case of variable interest rate the lender and the borrower negotiate the amount of the spread that will be added to the base rate.
It’s also should be mentioned that SBA strictly prohibits the majority of the fees of SBA loan applicants.
And there’s one more thing that should be taken into consideration. It’s the prepayment penalty.
SBA loans that have the maturity 15 years or more and the prepayment amount is over 25 percent of the whole amount and the prepayment is made within the first three years are charged the penalty.
It could be calculated this way: 5% during the first year, 3% during the second year or 1% during the third year after disbursement.
This information is enough to estimate whether you are capable to receive the SBA loan and whether you need it.

Just a few days ago one of the most famous German business magazines – Impulse have conducted a survey. The main idea of this survey was to make an analysis of franchises in Germany and to rank them.
The survey was based on the information of the magazine and according to some experts. The experts are working in franchise sphere as consultants and/or as researchers. The experts were suggested to rank the companies by twelve criteria that were organized in three directions.
They were:

• sustainability of the franchise concept
  
• sustainability of the business idea
  
• dynamics of the franchise idea.
  

The first direction described general characteristics of the franchiser. It was connected with the age of the franchiser organization, the number of business partners of the franchiser, and overall franchiser’s profit and sales.
Under the terms of the second direction the expert were supposed to look the same business from franchisees’ position. Those criteria covered the market position of franchise system, market competition density, the benefits of the idea to potential franchisee and the potential revenue of the franchisee.
And the criteria of the third direction had to estimate the growth of the franchise system in the past and its future plans. The criteria were the past growth of the system, the planned growth to 2008 and the expansion potential for partners.
I bet you know who is the winner. McDonald’s for sure. Who could doubt about it? They really have fantastic system that is almost perfect for the moment…
But the most interesting question is whose system is the second?
You might think it’s Burger King, Tchibo or Obi… But you will be wrong. The second rank has
Fressnapf.
Have you ever heard about this company? No? There’s nothing unusual in it. The company is not widely known outside European Union. It’s not even mentioned in Wikipedia (at least in it English part. Of course there’s an article about it in German ).
But still it’s the largest European specialized retail chain for petfood and pet accessories.
Its founder and managing partner Torsten Toeller had used the idea of pets supermarkets that were rather common in the USA and Canada. The mission and the vision of the company was to sell specialized pet products on a large scale, while keeping prices low. The economy on scale principle has contributed to his tremendous growth in this niche. Fressnapf had become the right company in the right place.
The rapid development of the company should be given company franchisees the credit. They really managed to uphold Torsten Toeller initiatives.
“We’re like a pack of hungry wolves with one pack leader - that’s the idea behind Fressnapf. We all fight it out and everyone gets their fill!” says Torsten Toeller. The market couldn’t defend itself against that troop…
For the moment the system includes almost 270 franchise partners, and the 4000 or so staff employed at over 750 sites not only in Germany but in Austria, Denmark, France, Luxemburg, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Italy. The company is working to start in Ireland and Spain.
The main principles that were originally used by Torsten Toeller are the main incentive for company’s success. They are fast growth, standardized processes, effective value added chains,
and the development of own brands.
These principles allowed the company to proceed from a store in Erkelenz, selling petfood and pet accessories to Europe’s leading supplier of pet food and accessories and number 2 German franchise system in just 15 years.
I wish every franchise company could boast of its development that way.

When I started my blog more than two months ago I wanted to discuss a franchise as one of the most developed form of business in the United States. But I never knew that it is SO DEVELOPED!
I found an interesting statistics that proves this.

• A new Franchised Business opens somewhere in the United States every 8 minutes.
  
• 75 industries use franchising to distribute goods and services to consumers.
  
• Franchised Businesses provide goods and services worth $624.6 billion per year in the United States (2001)
  
• There are 767,483 franchised business establishments in the United States (2001).
  
• Franchised Businesses provide over 18,000,000 jobs in the United States (2004 estimate)
  
• In the United States more than 40% of all retail sales come through franchising.
  

After realizing that facts I’m even more surprised thinking about countries (many of less developed countries and former Soviet Union republics) that even have no franchise legislation and that don’t develop that business… I have no idea why this can happen…

Writing about the SBA loans for new and expanding small franchises I met the list of public goals. It was said that in order to get a bigger credit your company needed to meet some of these goals. Some of them are easy to meet; the others are difficult not only to meet but also to prove that you can do it. But one of them has attracted my attention – when small franchise business is trying not only to earn money or to help in achievement of personal goals of its owner but helps those who can take care of themselves. I’m speaking about those whom we usually call “disadvantaged individuals”. This article is devoted to them and their ability to participate in business and in life in general by entering franchise system.
 
In general there are two different points of view regarding disadvantaged individuals. The first group of people thinks that it’s better not to attract attention to them at all. They say that this will disgrace them and hurt their pride. The people with the opposite opinion believe that we need to do as much as possible to help them; we need to create the special conditions in every sphere of life and business is not exclusion. As for me I’m somewhere in between these two extremes. And speaking about franchise business I think that there must be created some preferences for such group of people. And these preferences have to be results from the obstacles that disadvantaged individuals face.
 
Below I write about that obstacles and the way to decrease the influence of them on the disadvantaged individuals while starting their franchise business.
 
1. Obstacle: Little knowledge in franchise sphere. This problem is divided into the several sub-problems.
1.1. Availability of information about franchise concept in general. Many of that people have very little or even no business knowledge. As most of them have at least one problem concerning communication (reading, watching, hearing and so on) they get the information from doubtful sources – their friends who are not in business, relatives or neighbors. As I think the society has to create some means of information to provide reliable, trustworthy facts about advantages and disadvantages of franchise business, opportunities and special programs for the disadvantaged individuals. These means of information has to be technologically different to cover as many of such people as possible.
1.2. Sufficient background necessary to understand, to manage and to operate a small business franchise company. This obstacle includes not only general information but also real business skills. I want to mention that disadvantaged people are very vulnerable and they may consider ordinary business problems as their personal failure. I think that the role of the society in this case is to help them to avoid those problems. Maybe we can think about some business incubators or services of special consultants for franchises managed by disadvantaged individuals (financed by the money of franchise associations and small business organizations).
 
2. Obstacle: Ability to compete with non-disadvantaged franchisees. This problem can be characterized as psychological even more that economic or medical. Some of such people consider themselves incapable to start something themselves. But if they see the results shown by those who are in worse conditions they can cheer up. I suppose this to be the main role of the society – to show disadvantaged individuals that from business point of view they are absolutely equal to ordinary people. And even more! The statistics proves that people who have health problems in one sphere usually are extremely talented in the other.
And one more statement: being disadvantaged they can better understand the needs and want of other disadvantaged individuals. As a result their business can meet that needs much better; and it’s the first step to better competitiveness.
 
 
3. Obstacle: It’s too expensive as disadvantaged individuals have more expenses to cover in comparison to ordinary people. I agree that this is an obstacle; but on the other hand franchise business can bring them additional money in the form of profit. I think that government has to support (and I know that in many countries it does) the willingness of such people to start their own business as it will help to achieve the long-term goals too. Also I believe that franchisors must include special paragraphs in their franchise programs for disadvantaged individuals buying the license from them to make it cheaper…
 
4. Obstacle: It’s physically difficult for the disadvantaged individuals to collect and to provide all the necessary documents to start-up the franchise business. I think that authorities must pay attention to this problem too. We create special parking slots for such people, help them in the shops and so on. I think that there wouldn’t be any problem for all sides (I mean banks, franchisors, lawyers, local authorities and other institutions) to introduce some light procedures for such groups of people. It’s not only a noble  but also a good economic decision. Will anybody argue?
 
Certainly there are more other obstacles for disadvantaged individuals to start their franchise business. Here I mentioned only the main as I think…

The first time I thought about religion and business after reading one of the fundamental books in management science “Management” by Michael H. Mescon, Michael Albert and Franklin Khedouri. The authors used the example of the Rome Catholic Church to explain that sometimes traditional organizations can exist without any improvements in management for centuries. I returned to this example more and more thinking about what would happen if the leaders of the Rome Catholic Church decided to make that changes (I mean only business and management spheres, and maybe personnel motivation or some marketing but nothing concerning religious doctrines). Will the organization operate better or worse? Will more people choose Christianity from other religions or Catholicism instead of Protestantism or Orthodoxy or other Christian direction? And in general, will more people start thinking about attending any church? Will using business instruments attract or antagonize people?..
 

Today I see a lot of churches from different denominations using business instruments. It works. They advertise on TV and radio, issue posters. They train their stuff to be good managers. They use interesting and sometimes even intrigue titles for sermons to attract different groups of people (more churches started teaching about money, business and investments). But what I wanted to emphasize they use franchise strategies to expand their influence.
 

Certainly, I do not want to say that this was invented in the 21st century. Mentioned before Rome Catholic Church has the outstanding number of congregations all over the world. And they continue to open more and more. But the main difference as I think is hidden in the procedure of opening the new ones. The initiative comes not from the leaders but from the prospective pastor. The leaders of the church motivate people to move to other cities, towns and countryside but the final decision is made by particular believer. The main church like ordinary franchisor provides him with start-up and current training, helps to solve technical problems and so on. The subsidiary church pays a royalty (usually it’s 10%), and everybody is happy.
 

Is it good and bad? As for me I think that it’s more likely good because being a part of a big church chain the young pastor has fewer opportunities to fall into heresy…